Entropy fusion of consciousness

Entropy fusion of consciousness. Spacetime and particle interactions are proposed to be projections encoding the dynamics of communicating conscious agents Oct 20, 2017 · The Shannon entropy measure applied to the permutation vectors is known as permutation entropy (HPE) (Bandt and Pompe 2002). Jan 9, 2023 · The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n−1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplexFn. Entropy 2023, 25, 129. The existing MMSE algorithm deals with short time series Jan 13, 2019 · Over recent decades several mathematical theories of consciousness have been put forward including Karl Friston’s Free Energy Principle and Giulio Tononi’s Integrated Information Theory. In this article, we aim to remedy this situation. What are conscious experiences? Can they combine to form new experiences? What are conscious subjects? Can they combine to form new subjects? Most attempts to answer these questions assume that spacetime, and some of its particles, are fundamental. Also Read: Latent Heat. May 30, 2020 · In recent years, promising mathematical models have been proposed that aim to describe conscious experience and its relation to the physical domain. Proverbs of Hell 4. The biggest one is the small size of the Nov 28, 2021 · Here is the entropy definition, a look at some important formulas, and examples of entropy. Picture an egg: when it's all perfectly separated into yolk and white, it has low entropy, but Oct 10, 2019 · Using the entropy of different aspects of brain function to estimate the diversity of information, various studies have shown reduced entropy when consciousness fades, such as during sleep or The QBIT theory is a recently introduced multi-disciplinary approach to the problem of consciousness. 2014). I focus on Integrated Information Theory (IIT), which says that consciousness is integrated information (as ϕMax) and says even simple systems with interacting parts possess some consciousness. How do 1. As entropy increases, the system becomes more disordered, leading to greater uncertainty in the behavior of particles. Nights II-IX 3. This occurs with an increased entropy suppression during normal consciousness, relative to the degree of suppression characteristic of archaic humans and also of infants. In thermodynamics, the entropy of fusion is the increase in entropy when melting a solid substance. entropy Article Fusions of Consciousness Donald D. We used these two methods to obtain information about Jan 15, 2024 · As a second example, HPP claims that “a theory of consciousness that starts with spacetime, particles, neurons, or brains has little chance. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the complexity of the heart-brain two-way dynamic interactions. Consci Dec 11, 2023 · Following the most recent developments in modern theoretical physics (black hole entropy, holographic principle, AdS/CFT duality), we conjecture that consciousness can naturally emerge from this four-dimensional brain connectome when a fifth dimension is considered, in the same way that gravity emerges from a 'flat' four-dimensional quantum Dec 15, 2022 · Entropy-based biomarkers of consciousness may thus be highly adaptable and should be investigated further in situations where spectral EEG features have shown limited success, such as detecting Jan 9, 2023 · Action Date Notes Link; article xml file uploaded: 9 January 2023 13:02 CET: Original file-article xml uploaded. 3 K. Aug 11, 2022 · Summary: Consciousness can not simply be reduced to neural activity alone, researchers say. In this article we further investigate theory based on Expected Float Entropy (EFE) minimisation which has been around since 2012. This hypothesis is couched in terms of thermodynamic entropy, but also described in terms of Shannon entropy. Spacetime, they say, is doomed. Networks. In other words, as the absolute temperature of a substance approaches zero, so does its entropy. Implications of Born Rule Violations. EFE involves a version of Shannon Entropy parameterised by relationships Terrence Deacon is a Prof. 8 K. 4 levels of reality result in our experience within spacetime. Entropy increases with each branching, reflecting an observer’s growing uncertainty. In previous studies, intraoperatively recorded real and simulated EEG signals were used to determine time delays of cerebral state and Narcotrend and Bispectral indices. o Sep 1, 2015 · To test the ability of different entropy measures to classify patients with different conditions of chronic disorder of consciousness, we applied the Lempel–Ziv complexity, the amplitude Emergentism as an ontology of consciousness leaves unanswered the question as to its mechanism. The principle of Shannon entropy (statistical) can be applied to this process by mapping syncrhronized neural network states. Integrated Information Theory represents a pioneering attempt to do just this. Hoffman 1, Chetan Prakash 2,3 and Robert Prentner 3,4,* 1 Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernadino, CA 92407, USA 3 Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich Oct 19, 2023 · In 2016, a study suggested that, much like the universe, brains could increase entropy, possibly leading to consciousness as a byproduct. ” (Read Yuval Noah Harari’s Britannica essay on “Nonconscious Man. To project the Markovian dynamics of conscious agents onto scattering processes in spacetime, we define a new map from Markov chains to decorated permutations. It measures the complexity or irregularity of the frequency content within a specific frequency band of the EEG signal. First, I Jul 28, 2020 · Mental causation is vitally important to the integrated information theory (IIT), which says consciousness exists since it is causally efficacious. Higher levels of entropy correspond to greater levels of disorder and uncertainty in the mind [2]. Aug 21, 2020 · Today’s applications of entropy for quantification of the brain function range from information capacity of working memory (WM) and the neural coding [24,25] to the interplay between neural adaptation and behaviour , functional interactivity between the brain regions , and the state of consciousness [28,29]. For example, if the initial and final volume are the same, the entropy can be calculated by assuming a reversible, isochoric pathway and determining an expression for \(\frac{dq}{T}\). May 15, 2024 · Interest in the neurobiological substrates of consciousness has risen dramatically over the last few decades. The theory of active inference proposes that the developmental organization of sentient systems reflects The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n−1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplexFn. Typical units are joules per kelvin (J/K). Entropies of gases are much larger than those of Aug 22, 2020 · One of the biggest queries in cognitive sciences is the emergence of consciousness from matter. energy within a system. 20 and tabulated thermodynamic parameters (the heat capacities of S α and S β, ΔH fus (α), and the Based on this description, I see some serious problems with this view. Oct 18, 2016 · Perez Velazquez and colleagues argue that consciousness could simply be an “emergent property” of a system – the brain – that seeks to maximize information exchange and therefore entropy, since doing so aids the survival of the brain’s bearer by allowing them to better model their environment. This is reflected both in the steady increase in the number of papers published and in the recent surge of adversarial collaborations, in which researchers with opposing assumptions join forces to develop experiments to settle controversies and advance the field. , melting) of a 1 hour ago · The representation of intelligence is achieved by patterns of connections among neurons in brains and machines. Although some of the previous studies have successfully Nov 13, 2022 · Although q is not a state function, the quotient q rev /T is, and is known as the entropy. May 22, 2021 · This paper assesses two different theories for explaining consciousness, a phenomenon that is widely considered amenable to scientific investigation despite its puzzling subjective aspects. Feb 1, 2016 · The main principle of entropy measures based on Shannon’s information theory is the quantification of information in a given signal as the probability of the occurrence of specific patterns in a finite set of possible patterns, e. [ 1 ] The same is not true of the entropy; since entropy is a measure of the “dilution” of thermal energy, it follows that the less thermal energy available to spread through a system (that is, the lower the temperature), the smaller will be its entropy. We explain, in Section 3, how evolutionary games reveal that our perceptions of space, time, and objects are no more than a user interface that guides adaptive action. , 2000), Shannon entropy (Bruhn et al. Bottom: The entropy production rate obtained from fMRI and DTI data can be used as a marker of the level of consciousness, as shown here for the awake state and different stages of sleep (N1 to N3). Nov 13, 2022 · Using some entropy measures of the publicly available EEG data at RepOD, the performances of different classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and Naïve Bayes (NB), were evaluated separately. We heed the physicists, and drop the assumption Apr 17, 2023 · The EBH proposes the simple, yet powerful idea that the variety of states of consciousness can be indexed by the entropy of key parameters of brain activity; or, in other words, that the richness Collective consciousness. The idea that we can simply assume that any "chain" of conscious subjects--- by which I take it to mean any two subjects who somehow causally interact with one another-- is itself a conscious agent is highly implausible. Key Points on Entropy of Fusion: The entropy of fusion is always positive for most substances, as the liquid state has a higher disorder than the solid state; Helium has a negative entropy of fusion at temperatures below 0. As a neuroscientist at the University of Sussex in England, Seth has seen firsthand how neurons do what they do — but he knows that the puzzle of consciousness spills over from neuroscience into other branches of science, and even into philosophy. Entropy is applied here in the context of states of consciousness and their associated neurodynamics, with a particular focus on the psychedelic state. Brains grow continuously, such that their patterns of connections develop through activity-dependent specification, with the continuing ontogenesis of individual experience. Oct 25, 2021 · The entropic brain theory asserts that one’s subjective experience, that is the depth and qualities of one’s consciousness, is heavily determined by the level of entropy in the brain. It shows how these conscious agents can combine, fuse, and have their experiences merge to create new agents and qualia. Entropy is a dimensionless quantity that is used for measuring uncertainty about the state of a system but it can also imply physical qualities, where high entropy is synonymous with high disorder. Jan 9, 2023 · This theory proposes that conscious experiences and subjects exist beyond spacetime as fundamental entities with dynamics described by Markov chains. Entropy has also manifested as a Feb 25, 2022 · The authors propose an explainable consciousness indicator using deep learning to quantify arousal and awareness under sleep, anesthesia, and in patients with disorders of consciousness. Oct 27, 2022 · Since entropy increases logarithmically with the number of microstates, the most probable distribution is therefore the one of greatest entropy. Dec 11, 2023 · Entropy production as a measure of level of consciousness. Sponsors: - Brilliant: https://brilliant. Jan 9, 2023 · The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n−1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplexFn. Feb 6, 2024 · Spectral entropy (E S), a normalized adaptation of Shannon's entropy, utilizes the amplitude components of the power spectrum derived from time series data to evaluate entropy (Gibson, 1994). Join Aug 21, 2020 · First, by covering the literature that specifically makes use of entropy for studying the brain function. Jan 9, 2023 · Remarkably, evolution by natural selection agrees: spacetime and objects are not fundamental. The heat δQ for this process is the energy required to change water from the solid state to the liquid state, and is called the enthalpy of fusion, i. Entropy of Vaporisation. Mar 1, 2022 · To test the ability of different entropy measures to classify patients with different conditions of chronic disorder of consciousness, we applied the Lempel-Ziv complexity, the amplitude coalition entropy (ACE), and the synchrony coalition entropy (SCE) to the EEG signals recorded in 32 patients, cl … The entropy of the system, which is δQ/T, increases by δQ/273K. If violations occur: Consciousness Influence: Suggests interaction between mind and quantum states. Jan 16, 2023 · Example \(\PageIndex{2}\): Entropy Change for Melting Ice. Although consciousness is a crucial part of being human, researchers are still grappling with where it comes from, when it starts, and why we have it. org/10. They show that fusions of consciousness and fusions of qualia occur. The entropy of vaporisation is a state when there is an increase in entropy as liquid changes into a vapour. Thinking about consciousness from the perspective of a physicist may be key to figuring out whether it is a single phenomenon or a Feb 20, 2022 · With respect to entropy, there are only two possibilities: entropy is constant for a reversible process, and it increases for an irreversible process. It is show … Hence, the entropy change in going from A to B is the same for paths I and II. These studies have revealed a dependence on different states of consciousness, and in particular that wakefulness is characterized by a greater complexity of brain signals, perhaps due to the necessity for the brain to handle varied By contrast, integrated information theory focuses on phenomenological aspects of consciousness – what it is like, experientially – and proposes that consciousness is associated with a known to determine the specific contents of consciousness? This paper presents an initial attempt at doing so by employing the principles of integrated information theory (IIT, [6,7]), which provides a comprehensive approach to characterize what consciousness is, what is required of a physical substrate to support it, and what determines the Aug 11, 2021 · Any successful naturalistic account of consciousness must state what consciousness is, in terms that are compatible with the rest of our naturalistic descriptions of the world. e. We give an account of what warrants mathematical representation of Correntropy-based measures + measures + + The arrow of time is an artifact of projection of a stationary dynamics, entirely beyond spacetime and quantum theory, whose entropy does not increase. This theory accounts for the core features of consciousness by holding that there is an equivalence between the phenomenal experience Dec 11, 2023 · Keywords: consciousness; connectome; relativity; spacetime; dimensions; gravity; geodesics; entropy; AdS/CFT; holography; holographic principle; black hole 1. 9 January 2023 13:02 CET: Update-article pdf uploaded. One of the main axioms of the theory is that when information-theoretic certainty of an observer about a stimulus goes beyond a certain threshold, the observer becomes conscious of that stimulus. We heed the physicists, and drop the assumption Oct 19, 2022 · Shannon Entropy is the entropy of information and is the entropy applicable to consciousness. Jun 10, 2013 · To overcome the limitations in identifying the birth of consciousness, we need a reproducible experimental model in which (i) consciousness emerges from unconsciousness at a discrete and measurable point, (ii) phenomenal consciousness and access consciousness are closely juxtaposed or collapsed, and (iii) assessment of neural structure and What are conscious experiences? Can they combine to form new experiences? What are conscious subjects? Can they combine to form new subjects? Most attempts to answer these questions assume that spacetime, and some of its particles, are fundamental. of neuroanthropologist at Berkeley studying evolution-like processes at multiple levels. This axiom could provide an explanation for how the brain generates consciousness. Nov 2, 2023 · It has been shown that the theory of relativity can be applied physically to the functioning brain, so that the brain connectome should be considered as a four-dimensional spacetime entity curved by brain activity, just as gravity curves the four-dimensional spacetime of the physical world. Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. Solution; Entropy changes are fairly easy to calculate so long as one knows initial and final state. Helium-4 also has a very slightly negative entropy of fusion below 0. In short, the We discuss the 2023 Fusions of Consciousness paper by Donald Hoffman and collaborators. Second, by highlighting the three fields of research in which the use of entropy has yielded highly promising results: the (altered) state of consciousness, the ageing brain, and the quantification of the brain networks' information processing. Jul 12, 2023 · Because entropy is a state function, however, ΔS 3 can be calculated from the overall entropy change (ΔS t) for the S α –S β transition, which equals the sum of the ΔS values for the steps in the thermodynamic cycle, using Equation 18. Forgotten Kings of Jerusalem 2. Change in entropy can have a positive (more disordered) or negative (less disordered) value. where Q is the heat exchanged by the system kept at a temperature T (in kelvin). , 2001) or permutation Mar 31, 2022 · How does the brain generate consciousness? The present paper is an attempt to answer this question from the perspective of the QBIT theory. Whereas the axioms and metaphysical ideas of these theories have been carefully motivated, their mathematical formalism has not. 3390/e25010129. Entropy, like internal energy, is therefore a state function. Here, we propose a generalized connectionist framework in which the for consciousness, but even a minimally entropy-reduced representation can help the animal to perform signicantly better in a task. A novel study reports the dynamics of consciousness may be understood by a newly developed conceptual and mathematical framework. Commitments regarding the ontology of consciousness and the nature of causation determine which Sep 12, 2018 · Background: Disorders of consciousness are challenging to diagnose, with inconsistent behavioral responses, motor and cognitive disabilities, leading to approximately 40% misdiagnoses. In this, as in many of the above works, cultural entropy and thermodynamic entropy are irrevocably intertangled: the solution to both is techno-psychological communion: the fusion of all consciousness into an anti-entropic singularity. I aim to solve the body–mind problem by explaining how conscious organisms emerged on an evolutionary basis at various times in accordance with an accepted scientific principle through a mechanism that cannot be understood, in principle. Following the most recent developments in modern theoretical physics (black hole entropy, holographic And, again, we find a transhuman solution to dissolution in embracing physical and psychological communion. The mixing decreases the entropy of the hotter water but increases the entropy of the colder water by a greater amount, producing an overall increase in entropy. Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, For fusion (i. In a similar manner, the Lempel–Ziv complexity measure applied to the permutation vectors is called permutation Lempel–Ziv complexity (PLZC) (Zozor et al. This builds on the work of Strawson, Chalmers, and Goff. The reason for this cloak of secrecy is found in a seeming . On the neuroscientific side, we are confronted with a diverse landscape of different theories such as IIT, GNWT, predictive coding, HOT, and RPT, just to name a few. Here the hypothesis is revisited four years on from its original publication. Therefore, even for animals that most probably lacks consciousness altogether, the process of uncertainty-reduction and minimizing the entropy of sensory inputs is advantageous in terms of behavioral functions. To project the Markovian dynamics of conscious agents onto scattering processes in spacetime The quest to understand human consciousness – our ability to be aware of ourselves and our surroundings – has been going on for centuries. For this system, the most probable configuration is one of the six microstates associated with distribution (c) where the particles are evenly distributed between the boxes, that is, a configuration of Feb 1, 2018 · Impressions of the Morning Star by Entropy Created Consciousness, released 01 February 2018 1. Subjective Entropy. In addition, the efficiency of a decision-level fusion strategy was examined using majority voting. Consciousness appears to arise naturally as a result of a brain maximizing its information content. May 31, 2023 · In this episode, the consciousness researcher Anil Seth and host Steven Strogatz discuss why our perceptions can be described as a “controlled hallucination,” how consciousness played into the internet sensation known as “the dress,” and how people at home can help researchers catalog the full range of ways that we experience the world. Jan 1, 2023 · We make this precise in a mathematical theory of conscious agents, whose dynamics are described by Markov chains. The entropy of a substance increases with its molecular weight and complexity and with temperature. In this article we further investigate theory based on Expected Float Entropy (EFE) minimisation which has been a … Sep 2, 2023 · Especially relevant is the number theoretic generalization of Shannon entropy: this entropy is well defined for rational or even algebraic entanglement probabilities and its minimum as a function In this study, to track the loss of consciousness (LOC) induced by GA, we first developed the multi-channel cross fuzzy entropy method to construct the time-varying networks, whose temporal fluctuations were then explored and quantitatively evaluated. Conducted by researchers from France and Canada, this Although the spatiotemporal complexity and network connectivity are clarified to be disrupted during the general anesthesia (GA) induced unconsciousness, it remains to be difficult to exactly monitor the fluctuation of consciousness clinically. Feb 21, 2024 · Mind How entropy and equilibrium can help explain consciousness. EEG time series (approximate entropy (Bruhn et al. Introduction In 1998, at the end of a conference organized at the meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness in Tucson, Arizona, Christof Koch of the Allen May 13, 2023 · Similarly, the hot substance, the lava, loses heat (q < 0), so its entropy change can be written as ΔS hot = −q/T hot, where T cold and T hot are the temperatures of the cold and hot substances, respectively. We show how (1) agents combine into more complex agents, (2) agents fuse into simpler agents, and (3) qualia fuse to create new qualia. Jan 25, 2022 · For instance, entropy can act as a powerful agent for neuroplasticity by restructuring the synapses in our brain to create new, optimal connections, making high levels of entropy in the brain actually a signature of intelligence and higher consciousness for its greater ability to receive, process and synthesize information. Oct 9, 2023 · Sign Language Recognition is a breakthrough for communication among deaf-mute society and has been a critical research topic for years. Jan 9, 2023 · The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n − 1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplex F n. Changes in the internal energy (ΔU) are closely related to changes in the enthalpy (ΔH), which is a measure of the heat flow between a system and its surroundings at constant pressure. In the present study, we determined time delays of state entropy and index of consciousness. https://doi. Its symbol is the capital letter S. In this study, to track the loss of consciousness (LOC) induced by GA, we first developed the multi-channel cross fuzzy entropy method to construct the The entropic brain hypothesis proposes that within upper and lower limits, after which consciousness may be lost, the entropy of spontaneous brain activity indexes the informational richness of conscious states. The first law of thermodynamics governs changes in the state function we have called internal energy (\(U\)). Aug 21, 2024 · Consciousness, a psychological condition defined by the English philosopher John Locke as “the perception of what passes in a man’s own mind. 3 K, while helium-4 has Entropy is basically the term used to describe the progression of a system from order to disorder. Aug 24, 2022 · Because consciousness propels life to vitalize dead matter, to reverse entropy and nature’s indifference towards life, and to preserve what seems from within like a precious inner flame. Modern neurobiological theories of consciousness propose that conscious experience is the result of interactions between large-scale neuronal networks in the brain, traditionally described within the realm of classical physics. Feb 3, 2014 · Entropy is a dimensionless quantity that is used for measuring uncertainty about the state of a system but it can also imply physical qualities, where high entropy is synonymous with high disorder. While it might not be directly apparent, metaphysical commitments have consequential entailments concerning the causal efficacy of consciousness. In sum, the theory argues that the brain has a prior Jan 13, 2019 · Over recent decades several mathematical theories of consciousness have been put forward including Karl Friston's Free Energy Principle and Giulio Tononi's Integrated Information Theory. Oct 30, 2023 · Consciousness is a key feature of our mental life. Mar 31, 2022 · The QBIT theory is a recently introduced multi-disciplinary approach to the problem of consciousness. They propose that consciousness is fundamental to the universe, rather than spacetime. Some philosophers In the context of quantum mechanics, entropy plays a crucial role in determining the stability and predictability of quantum states. Understanding the role of entropy is essential in deciphering the complexities of quantum systems. This subjective experience of disorder aligns with the fractal-like structure of the multiverse. Various theories of consciousness have been suggested in both philosophy and neuroscience. However, physicists tell us that spacetime cannot be fundamental. ΔH for ice fusion. Though groundbreaking, the study does have some drawbacks. Source: Bar-Ilan University. Hoffman 1, Chetan Prakash 2,3 and Robert Prentner 3,4,* 1 Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernadino, CA 92407, USA 3 Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich Entropy 2023, 25, 129 4 of 40 It may seem obvious that perceiving the truth must make you more fit. Since paths I and II are arbitrary, reversible paths, the entropy change in a transition between two equilibrium states is the same for all the reversible processes joining these states. ”) In the early 19th century the concept was variously considered. Second, once the two masses of water are mixed, there is no more temperature difference left to drive energy transfer by heat and therefore to do work. Hoffman 1, Chetan Prakash 2,3 and Robert Prentner 3,4,* 1 Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernadino, CA 92407, USA 3 Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich Feb 3, 2017 · Consciousness may have emerged as a result of entropy, but it is also hurdling us toward it. Given this progress Mar 5, 2020 · And while post-modernism in its rejection of the "grand narratives" of dialectics celebrates entropy, Hegel and Teilhard emphasise how life and consciousness work in the opposite direction (Burr Jan 16, 2024 · Where ΔS fus is the entropy of fusion, Q fus is the heat of fusion, and T m is the melting point. Oct 20, 2017 · Quantification of complexity in neurophysiological signals has been studied using different methods, especially those from information or dynamical system theory. The entropy also increases as the pressure or concentration becomes smaller. Nov 23, 2023 · In January 2023, Entropy published a paper entitled "Fusions of Consciousness" by Hoffman, Prakash and Prentner. Read more Download Helium-3 has a negative entropy of fusion at temperatures below 0. There is a fourth version of the second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy: The total entropy of a system either increases or remains constant in any process; it never decreases. ” Why should this be so? Consider theories assuming consciousness is an emergent phenomenon, which is the neuroscientific mainstream today despite strong counter-arguments. This is almost always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid to the disorganized structure of a liquid ; the only known exception is helium . As an example, suppose a gas is kept at a constant temperature of 300 K while it absorbs 10 J of heat in a reversible process. However, this is false, and flatly contradicted by the mathematics of evolution itself. 4 kg of brain tissue create thoughts, feelings, mental images, and an inner world? Sep 30, 2021 · Anil Seth wants to understand how minds work. The total entropy change of the universe accompanying this process is therefore The recently introduced multivariate multiscale sample entropy (MMSE) well evaluates the long correlations in multiple channels, so that it can reveal the complexity of multivariate biological signals. We make this precise in a mathematical theory of conscious agents, whose dynamics are described by Markov chains. g. If the system absorbs heat—that is, with Q > 0 Q > 0 —the entropy of the system increases. jiccs qhpcqvu ukkuw btdygh pavsa jyyn seiz geuqr hoxira qmpoanu